Minimal group paradigm the iconic social psychologist, h. Tajfel and his colleagues developed what they termed the minimal group paradigm. Choose from 4 different sets of minimal group paradigm flashcards on quizlet. Minimal group paradigm is a social psychology research methodology that proposes that the minimal condition for group biases like favoritism towards your own group and prejudice towards other groups is simply being a member of a group. Results of experiments employing the minimal group paradigm mgp tajfel. Website software copyright 2019, archieboy holdings, llc. Social identity theory sit proposed by tajfel and later developed by tajfel and turner 1971 to understand intergroup relations and group processes. Intersectionality the condition in which a person simultaneously belongs to two or more social categories or social statuses and the unique consequences that result from that combination minimal group paradigm an experimental procedure for creating social identity conditions in which participants are arbitrarily assigned to one group or another. Sit is based on the assumption that individuals strive to improve their selfimage by trying to enhance their selfesteem, based on either personal identity or through various social identities. Raising the minimum in the minimal group paradigm jstage. The minimal group paradigm mgp has been used as a method to demonstrate intergroup discrimination between arbitrary groups for the past 45 years. Vladimirs choice and the distribution of social resources. To demonstrate the minimal group paradigm in creating group bias.
Empirical support has relied heavily on studies using the minimal group paradigm tajfel 1970, whereby people are classi. Students from bristol were randomly allocated into groups, though they were told it was based off their preference of artwork for kandinsky or klee the participants were told that they were participating in a. Consequences of minimal group affiliations in children. Given that minimal group categorization is known to enhance processing of ingroup. The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. In fact, minimal group paradigm studies have shown us to form groups within minutes in a novel situation, and if there are no salient reasons for doing so, groups will even form based on. The paradigm was set up to challenge the notion of inter group. Ingroup bias found in the minimal group paradigm is an important finding for theories of intergroup.
Minimal group paradigm definition psychology glossary. Pdf studies applying the minimalgroup paradigm to analyze social discrimination processes have been analyzing for the most part the. Intergroup discrimination and selfesteem in the minimal group. This paradigm, where a number of assumptions, concepts, values or practices were accepted in order to better allow a view of reality in relation to the onset of human group. Minimal group procedures an improved and deception free minimal group induction procedure brad pinter the pennsylvania state university, altoona anthony g. Like any good experimentalist, tajfel sought a flexible procedure within which to manipulate features thought to relate to the formation of intergroup bias. Whats more, it suggests new pathways to intervention. The minimal group paradigm introduced by tajfel et al 1971 is an experimental methodology to investigate the effects of social categorisation on behaviour. Minimal group paradigm definition the minimal group paradigm is a procedure that researchers use to create new social groups in the laboratory. Minimal group paradigm study experiments henri tajfel. The variables in these studies have been derived from conflict, competition, cooperation, personal interaction, structures, personalities, etc.
Minimal group paradigm last updated december 07, 2019. The minimal group paradigm is a procedure that researchers use to create new social groups in the laboratory. Students receive a handout with matrices listing different values that their side of the auditorium the in group would receive and that the other side the out. The minimal group paradigm is a methodology employed in social psychology to investigate the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups. Tajfel and colleagues found that people can form selfpreferencing ingroups within a matter of minutes and that such groups can form even on the basis of completely arbitrary and invented discriminatory characteristics. Balanced identity in the minimal groups paradigm ncbi. The minimal group paradigm is a methodology employed in social psychology. The minimal group paradigm mgp has been used as a method to demonstrate intergroup discrimination between arbitrary groups. The impact of need and ability to achieve cognitive structure. Ingroup bias found in the minimal group paradigm is an important finding for. Minimal group paradigm wikimili, the free encyclopedia.
Establishing these causal connections within the framework of the minimal group paradigm supports a reading of balanced identity as a generalized causal account of intergroup bias. It was in attempting to investigate why prejudice and discrimination occur that henri tajfel and michael billig developed the minimal group paradigm mgp and first observed the minimal group effect. Article information, pdf download for the minimal group paradigm and its minimal psychology open epub for the. Tajfel and turners 1979, 1986 social identity theory, the minimal group paradigm with which the. Experiments using this approach have revealed that even arbitrary. And the way he did this was by developing a very creative research procedure thats now known as the minimal group paradigm. Additional control subjects run simultaneously with experimental subjects provided pre. Initially motivated by an interest in understanding the basic determinants of social discrimination, this paradigm investigates the impact of social categorization on intergroup relations in the absence of realistic conflicts of interests, and for social categories that are arbitrary and novel. Minimal group paradigm otten major reference works. However, before a full explanation of the rationale for the paradigm shift is given, it is important to introduce different types of paradigm in order to understand how they might influence the research process in entirely. The minimal group paradigm and its maximal impact in. Minimal group research began when henri tajfel sought to develop a basic paradigm within which to study the origins of intergroup bias tajfel, 19712001.
Insko university of north carolina at chape l hil h. Introduction to the minimal group studies duration. The significance of in group and out group categorization was identified using a method called the minimal group paradigm. Intergroup behavior has long been studied within and among various societies. Although it may be used for a variety of purposes, it is most well known as a method for investigating the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups. Social categorization and social discrimination in the minimal group paradigm. Social identity theory social science flashcards quizlet. The criteria for a group to be minimal tajfel and turner 1986 include.
Balanced identity theory 1 formalizes a set of relationships between group attitude, group identification, and selfesteem. Building off of these findings, we offer recommendations on what future research on the minimal group paradigm should consider. The paradigm is founded on an experiment designed to discover the very barest minimal input which would be needed to elicit group related behaviors in subjects specifically discrimination of out group. Tajfels 1970 minimal group paradigm mgp research suggests that social categorization is a sufficient antecedent of ingroupfavoring discrimination.
Amichaihamburger 2005 demonstrates that this result, originally obtained in facetoface settings, also occurs in the online environment. The minimal group paradigm this activity replicates, more or less, the exact experiment used by henri tajfel to demonstrate the minimal group paradigm used in social identity theory. Intergroup discrimination in the minimal group paradigm. The minimal group paradigm is widely used in social psychology to study the most basic elements of intergroup relations. Pdf ingroup bias found in the minimal group paradigm is an important finding for theories of intergroup relations. Moderators of intergroup discrimination in the minimal group. Posted on november 12, 2018 october 4, 2018 by admin. Tajfel and turners 1979, 1986 social identity theory, the minimal group paradigm with which the theory is associated and two core findings stemming from that paradigm are the focus of this paper. To this end, we used a minimal group paradigm tajfel et al. The minimal group effect refers to the fact that individuals will express ingroup favoritism even when there is minimal. Pdf raising the minimum in the minimal group paradigm. In this minimal group paradigm, we found that out group exemplars were more readily associated with an aversive stimulus than exemplars of ones in group.
Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations pp. These sentences, with which tajfel 1970 opened his first report on what is now known as the minimal group experiments, provide in a nutshell both the main research question that led to the development of the minimal group paradigm mgp, and the main conclusion from its results. For example, the classic procedure involves asking participants to rate paintings made by two artists. Fear is readily associated with an outgroup face in a. The goal is to categorize individuals into groups based on minimal criteria that are relatively trivial or arbitrary. The participants were then asked to award points and money, in some cases to pairs of individuals, one from the. A metaanalysis emily pechar1 rachel kranton2 august 17 2017 abstract. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar. Evaluate social identity theory, making reference to.